做完, 走进来, 跑得快 for Verb-Complement Phrases
A verb-complement phrase (动补短语) is a verb plus a word after it that tells the result, direction, state or amount of the action: 做完, 走进来, 跑得很快, 等了一个小时.
Muster
verb + result / direction / 得 + state / amount
In a verb-complement phrase, the extra information comes after the verb: what the action achieved, where it went, how it was done, or how long or how often.
我做完作业了。
When to use 做完, 走进来, 跑得快 for Verb-Complement Phrases
A verb-complement phrase (动补短语) is a verb followed by a complement: a word or phrase that completes the meaning of the verb. At HSK 2 there are four main kinds. A result complement says what the action achieved: 做完 (finish doing), 听懂 (understand by listening), 写错 (write wrongly). A directional complement says which way the action goes: 走进来, 拿出去, 跑回去. A state complement, joined with 得, describes how the action is done: 跑得很快. A quantity complement says how many times or how long: 看了两次, 等了一个小时.
老师走进来了。
The teacher walked in.
他跑得很快。
Er läuft sehr schnell.
我等了他半个小时。
I waited for him for half an hour.
我没听懂老师的话。
I didn’t understand what the teacher said.
Häufige Stolperfallen
- Don’t put 了 between the verb and a result complement: say 做完了, not 做了完.
- Use 没, not 不, for a result that didn’t happen: 我没听懂, not 我不听懂.
- Don’t put the object between the verb and 得: say 他说汉语说得很好 or 他汉语说得很好, not 他说汉语得很好.
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