前车之覆，后车之鉴

qián chē zhī fù , hòu chē zhī jiàn

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定義

1. lit. the cart in front overturns, a warning to the following cart (idiom); fig. draw lesson from the failure of one's predecessor
2. learn from past mistake
3. once bitten twice shy

(possessive particle, literary equivalent of 的[de])

front

empress

car

war chariot (archaic)

lit. warning to the following cart (idiom); don't follow the track of an overturned cart

to cover

to reflect