各, 各位, 各种, 任何 and 此 for Each, Any and This
Use 各 and 各种 to talk about each member or every kind, 各位 to address a group politely, 任何 for “any at all”, and 此 in formal words like 因此.
문형
各 + noun; 各位 (+ group); 各种 + noun; 任何 + noun + 都/也; 此 in 因此, 从此, 此外
各 looks at every member one by one, 任何 says “no matter which one”, and 此 is a formal 这.
任何人都可以参加这个活动。
When to use 各, 各位, 各种, 任何 and 此 for Each, Any and This
各 means “each, every” and usually goes straight before a noun, with no 个 in between: 各国, 各地, 各班. 各位 is a polite “everyone” for addressing a group, and 各种 means “all kinds of”. 任何 means “any … at all”: it goes before a noun, and when that phrase starts the sentence it is followed by 都 or 也, as in 任何人都可以来. 此 is a formal “this” (like 这) that you meet mostly inside set words such as 因此 “so” and 从此 “from then on”.
各位同学，请安静一下。
Everyone, please be quiet for a moment. (said to a class)
超市里有各种水果。
The supermarket has all kinds of fruit.
他昨天生病了，因此没来上课。
He was sick yesterday, so he didn’t come to class.
春节的时候，各地都很热闹。
During the Spring Festival, it’s lively everywhere.
흔한 실수
- Say 每天, not 各天: for “every day/week/year” use 每, not 各.
- Keep 都 after a 任何 phrase at the start: 任何人都可以参加, not 任何人可以参加.
- Don’t put a bare measure word after 任何 or 各种: say 任何书 or 任何一本书, and 各种水果, not 任何本书 or 各种个水果.
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