了 for Change and Completion
Recognize two early uses of 了: completed actions and new situations.
Pattern
Verb + 了; sentence-final 了
Action 了 says something happened; final 了 says the situation changed.
我买了一本书。
When to use 了 for Change and Completion
了 after a verb often marks a bounded completed action. Sentence-final 了 points to a new state or change from before.
我明白了。
I understand now.
下雨了，我们不去。
It started raining, so we are not going.
她来了。
She came / she is here now.
我吃饭了。
I ate.
Common traps
- 了 is not a simple past-tense marker.
- Do not use 了 after 没 for a non-event.
- A sentence can use both verb 了 and final 了 when the meaning calls for it.
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