在学校 and 桌子上 for Preposition and Location Phrases

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location phrase: noun + 上 / 里 / 下 / 前 / 后; preposition phrase: 在 / 和 / 对 + noun, before the verb

A location word comes after the noun (桌子上 “on the table”). A preposition phrase such as 在学校 cannot stand alone; it goes before the main verb.

我们在教室里上课。

When to use 在学校 and 桌子上 for Preposition and Location Phrases

A location phrase (方位短语) is a noun followed by a location word such as 上, 里, 下, 前 or 后: 桌子上 “on the table,” 教室里 “in the classroom,” 学校后边 “behind the school.” The order is the reverse of English: the place comes first and the location word last. A preposition phrase (介宾短语) is a preposition plus its object, like 在学校, 和朋友 or 对我. It cannot stand alone; it goes before the main verb to say where, with whom, or toward whom: 我在学校学习. The two often join: 在桌子上, 在教室里.

我的书在桌子上。

Bukuku ada di atas meja.

学校后边有一个商店。

There is a shop behind the school.

我在家和妈妈一起做饭。

I cook with Mom at home.

杯子里有水。

There is water in the cup.

Kesalahan umum

The location word goes after the noun: 桌子上, not 上桌子.
Ordinary things need 上 or 里 after 在 (在桌子上, 在包里); city and country names do not (在北京).
A preposition phrase goes before the verb: 我在家吃饭, not 我吃饭在家.

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我们在里上课

We have class in the classroom

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When to use 在学校 and 桌子上 for Preposition and Location Phrases

Kesalahan umum

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