承前省略 for Leaving Out Something Already Mentioned
Once a person or thing has been named, Chinese usually leaves it out of the following clauses instead of repeating it or using 他 and 它.
文型
subject / object named in clause 1，(—) clause 2，(—) clause 3 …
When a subject or object has just been mentioned and stays the same, leave it out of the clauses that follow; the reader looks back to find it. Name the subject again when it is someone or something new, or when leaving it out would be unclear.
小王是我的同学，今年二十岁，特别喜欢打篮球。
When to use 承前省略 for Leaving Out Something Already Mentioned
省略 means “leaving something out”, and 承前省略 means leaving out something that was already mentioned earlier (承前 “following on from before”). Once a person or thing has been named, the following clauses usually don’t repeat it: 小王是我的同学，今年二十岁，特别喜欢打篮球 “Xiao Wang is my classmate; he is twenty and loves basketball.” English needs “he” in each clause, but Chinese simply continues, and the reader looks back to find who is meant. The left-out word can be the subject, as here, or an object: 这件衣服又好看又便宜，我想买 “This top is pretty and cheap; I want to buy it.”
我昨天买了一本小说，晚上就看完了。
I bought a novel yesterday and finished it that evening.
这件衣服又好看又便宜，我想买。
This top is pretty and cheap; I want to buy it.
妈妈做好了饭，叫我们去吃。
Mum finished cooking and called us to come and eat.
我们学校有一个大图书馆，每天早上八点开门。
Our school has a big library; it opens at eight every morning.
よくある間違い
- Only leave a word out when the reader can find it in the clause before; if it could point to two different people or things, name it.
- You don’t need 他 or 它 in every clause; repeating them sounds heavy in Chinese.
- Keep the same topic through the chain; when a new person or thing starts doing something, say who it is.
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