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The Suffix 面 in 上面, 里面, 外面

Add 面 to a direction word to make a full place word like 上面 “on top” or 外面 “outside” that can stand on its own.

Padrão

上/下/里/外/前/后/左/右 + 面; noun + 上面/里面…

上 needs a noun in front of it; 上面 can stand on its own.

外面下雨了。

When to use The Suffix 面 in 上面, 里面, 外面

面 (often said with a light tone, mian) goes after a one-character direction word to make a full place word: 上面 “on top”, 下面 “below”, 里面 “inside”, 外面 “outside”, 前面 “in front”, 后面 “behind”, and also 左面, 右面. A bare 上 or 里 must follow a noun (桌子上, 房间里), but 上面 or 外面 can stand alone as a subject or after 在: 外面很冷, 我在里面. After a noun you may keep or drop 面: 桌子上 and 桌子上面 both mean “on the table”.

里面有人吗？

Is anyone inside?

桌子上面有两个杯子。

There are two cups on the table.

我家前面有一个小商店。

There’s a small shop in front of my home.

你在哪儿？我在外面。

Where are you? I’m outside.

Erros comuns

  • Say 外面很冷, not 外很冷: a direction word with no noun before it needs 面 (or 边).
  • Say 我在北京, not 我在北京里面: city and country names don’t take 里 or 里面.
  • Say 旁边, not 旁面, and 对面, not 对边: these two only take one suffix.

Exercício direcionado

Pratique exatamente este padrão antes de avançar.

书在桌子 。

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