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HSK 2.0 Уровень 6+ HSK 3.0 Уровень 7–9+ 6 мин чтения

纵然/纵使……，也…… for a Formal “Even If”

Say “even if … still …” in formal Chinese with 纵然 or 纵使, as in 纵然困难再多，我们也要把这项工作完成.

Структура

纵然 / 纵使 + (extreme) supposition，(subject +) 也 / 还 / 仍然 + unchanged result

纵然 and 纵使 mean “even if”. They grant an extreme case, and the main clause, with 也, says the result does not change. Both are formal versions of 即使.

纵然困难再多，我们也要把这项工作完成。

When to use 纵然/纵使……，也…… for a Formal “Even If”

纵然 and 纵使 open a clause that imagines an extreme or unfavourable case: “even if …”. The main clause says that the result stays the same, and it normally contains 也 after its subject: 纵然困难再多，我们也要把这项工作完成 “However many difficulties there are, we will still finish this work.” 再 + adjective in the first clause (再多, 再远, 再好听) is very common and pushes the case to the extreme. Both words are formal and suit essays, speeches and literary writing; 纵使 is the more bookish of the two.

纵使明天下大雨，比赛也会照常进行。

Even if it pours tomorrow, the match will go ahead as planned.

纵然他说得再好听，我也不会相信。

However nicely he puts it, I won’t believe him.

纵使最后失败了，这次经历也很有价值。

Even if we fail in the end, this experience is still very valuable.

纵然已经很累了，她还是坚持把作业写完了。

Even though she was already very tired, she kept going and finished her homework.

Частые ошибки

  • Pair 纵然 and 纵使 with 也 (or 还, 仍然), not 就.
  • They are formal words; in conversation use 即使 or 哪怕.
  • 也 goes after the subject of the main clause: 我也不会相信, not 也我不会相信.

Целевая тренировка

Отработайте именно эту конструкцию, прежде чем идти дальше.

纵然已经很累了，她 坚持把作业写完了

Even though she was already very tired, she kept going and finished her homework
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