我买的书 for Describing Nouns With Actions
To describe a noun with an action, put the verb phrase or subject + verb before the noun and add 的: 来的人, 学汉语的学生, 妈妈做的菜.
句型
verb / verb phrase / subject + verb + 的 + noun
Chinese puts the whole action before the noun and joins it with 的: “the book I bought” is 我买的书.
妈妈做的菜很好吃。
When to use 我买的书 for Describing Nouns With Actions
A noun can be described by an action. The describer can be a verb (来的人, “the people who came”), a verb phrase (学汉语的学生, “students who study Chinese”), or a subject + verb (我买的书, “the book I bought”; 妈妈做的菜, “the food Mom made”). Whatever its length, the describer always goes before the noun, and 的 joins the two. English puts this kind of describer after the noun with “who”, “that” or “which”; Chinese needs no such word, because 的 does the job.
这是我昨天买的书。
这是我昨天买的那本书。
今天来的人很多。
A lot of people came today.
我们班学汉语的学生很多。
Many students in our class study Chinese.
你说的话我都听懂了。
I understood everything you said.
常见误区
- Put the describer before the noun: 我买的书, not 书我买的.
- Don’t drop 的: 妈妈做的菜 means “the food Mom made”; 妈妈做菜 means “Mom cooks”.
- Don’t look for a word for “that” or “which”, and normally leave 了 out of the describer: say 我昨天买的书, not 我昨天买了的书.
针对性练习
先练这个句式，再继续往下看。