然而 and 而 for “However” and “Whereas”

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…，然而 + clause; A + …，而 + B + …

然而 means “however.” It begins the second clause or a new sentence and turns against the expectation set up by the first. 而 links two contrasting statements about different people or things, like English “whereas.” Both sound written.

大家都以为他会来，然而他没有来。

When to use 然而 and 而 for “However” and “Whereas”

然而 works like a formal 但是: it stands at the start of the second clause, before the subject, and says the result is not what you would expect: 大家都以为他会来，然而他没有来. It can also open a new sentence followed by a comma: 计划很好。然而，时间不够. 而 is used when you compare two different subjects that behave differently: 哥哥喜欢运动，而弟弟喜欢看书. Here the contrast is a side-by-side comparison, not a surprise.

哥哥喜欢运动，而弟弟喜欢看书。

The older brother likes sports, whereas the younger brother likes reading.

这个办法听起来不错，然而做起来很难。

This method sounds good; however, it is hard to carry out.

有的人喜欢热闹，而有的人喜欢安静。

Some people like lively places, while others prefer quiet ones.

计划很好。然而，时间不够。

The plan is good. However, there isn’t enough time.

Kesalahan umum

然而 opens the clause, before the subject: 然而他没有来, not 他然而没有来.
Use 而 to compare two different subjects; don’t use it to join two nouns like 和.
然而 and 而 sound written; in casual talk, use 但是, 可是 or 不过.

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这个办法听起来不错，做起来很难

This method sounds good; however, it is hard to carry out

rán ér

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namun; tetapi

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When to use 然而 and 而 for “However” and “Whereas”

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