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HSK 2.0 Уровень 6+ HSK 3.0 Уровень 7–9+ 6 мин чтения

免得 and 以防 for “So As Not To” and “In Case”

Start the second clause with 免得 to say what bad result an action avoids, or with written 以防 to say what possible problem it guards against.

Структура

action，免得 + bad result ／ action，以防 + possible problem

免得 = so that (something bad) doesn’t happen; 以防 = as a precaution against (a possible problem).

我们早点儿出发吧，免得路上堵车迟到。

When to use 免得 and 以防 for “So As Not To” and “In Case”

免得 and 以防 both begin the second clause. The first clause says what to do, and the second says why: to avoid something unwanted. 免得 means “so as not to, so that … won’t happen” and is followed by the bad result you want to avoid (免得迟到, 免得她担心). It is common in speech and writing. 以防 means “to guard against, in case” and is followed by a possible problem or risk you prepare for (以防下雨, 以防丢失, 以防万一). It sounds more written and is typical of notices and instructions.

出门带上雨伞，以防下雨。

Take an umbrella when you go out, in case it rains.

你给妈妈打个电话吧，免得她担心。

Give Mum a call so she doesn’t worry.

请把重要的文件多复制一份，以防丢失。

Please make an extra copy of important files in case they get lost.

说话小声一点儿，免得吵醒弟弟。

Speak a bit more quietly so you don’t wake up my little brother.

Частые ошибки

  • 免得 and 以防 open the second clause; the action you take comes first: 早点儿走，免得迟到, not 免得迟到，早点儿走.
  • 免得 avoids a bad result; for a good purpose use 以便: 以便及时联系, not 免得及时联系.
  • 以防 is written and takes a short phrase (以防下雨, 以防万一); in casual speech 免得 or 省得 sounds more natural.

Целевая тренировка

Отработайте именно эту конструкцию, прежде чем идти дальше.

回家后给我发个消息， 我担心

Send me a message when you get home so I don’t worry
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