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Multiple Adverbials for “Yesterday, Already, With the Teacher”

When several adverbials come before one verb, Chinese puts time first, then adverbs like 都 and 已经, then descriptions and preposition phrases, with the verb last.

Структура

subject + time + adverbs (都 / 已经 / 不) + description (……地) + preposition phrase (在 / 跟 / 从 ……) + verb

All adverbials go between the subject and the verb. The usual order is time → adverbs such as 也, 都, 已经, 常常 and 不 → a description of the person (高兴地) → a preposition phrase (在图书馆, 跟老师) → the verb.

她昨天已经跟老师说过这件事了。

When to use Multiple Adverbials for “Yesterday, Already, With the Teacher”

An adverbial (状语) is anything that tells when, where, how or with whom before the verb. When there are several, a safe order is: time word (昨天, 每天) → adverbs (也, 都, 已经, 常常, 不) → a 地-phrase describing the person (高兴地) → a preposition phrase (在…, 跟…, 从…, 给…) → the verb. A time word may also go before the subject, but the others stay after it. A 地-phrase describing how the action is done (认真地, 慢慢地) often sits right before the verb.

他每天都在图书馆认真地复习。

Every day he studies hard in the library.

孩子们高兴地从教室里跑了出来。

The children ran happily out of the classroom.

我明天不在家吃饭。

I’m not eating at home tomorrow.

我们下午一起去公园散步吧。

Let’s go for a walk in the park together this afternoon.

Частые ошибки

  • Don’t put place or time after the verb as in English: 我在图书馆看书, not 我看书在图书馆.
  • Put the time word before adverbs like 已经 and 都: 她昨天已经说了, not 她已经昨天说了.
  • Check what 不 should negate: 不在家吃饭 and 在家不吃饭 mean different things.

Целевая тренировка

Отработайте именно эту конструкцию, прежде чем идти дальше.

我 吃饭

I’m not eating at school this evening
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