我的, 新的, 卖水果的 for 的-Phrases (“Mine”, “The New One”)
A 的-phrase is a describer + 的 with the noun left out: 我的 (mine), 大的 (the big one), 卖水果的 (the fruit seller), 妈妈做的 (what Mom made).
Patrón
pronoun / noun / adjective / verb phrase + 的 (noun left out)
When everyone knows which thing you mean, keep the describer and 的 and drop the noun: 我的书 → 我的, 大的苹果 → 大的.
这本书不是我的，是我哥哥的。
When to use 我的, 新的, 卖水果的 for 的-Phrases (“Mine”, “The New One”)
A 的-phrase (的字短语) is a describing word or phrase + 的, with the noun after it left out because the listener already knows what thing you mean. The whole phrase works like a noun. The describer can be a pronoun or noun (我的, “mine”; 哥哥的, “my brother’s”), an adjective (大的, “the big one”; 红色的, “the red one”), or a verb phrase (卖水果的, “the person who sells fruit”; 妈妈做的, “what Mom made”). It is often used after 是 or as an object.
卖水果的来了。
The fruit seller is here.
这些菜都是妈妈做的。
All these dishes were made by Mom.
有没有便宜一点儿的？
Do you have a cheaper one?
这件太小了，我想要大一点儿的。
This one is too small. I’d like a slightly bigger one.
Errores frecuentes
- Don’t drop the 的: 这本书是我的 means “the book is mine”; 这本书是我 is wrong.
- Use a 的-phrase only when the listener knows what thing you mean; otherwise keep the noun.
- Naming people with a 的-phrase, like 卖水果的, is casual; in polite speech use the job word, such as 司机 for a driver.
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