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多重复句 for Sentences with Two Layers of Logic

Learn to read long Chinese sentences that combine two relations, such as cause inside contrast, by finding the outer layer first.

รูปแบบประโยค

outer relation [ inner relation ] — e.g. 因为 [A，而且B]，所以C

A multi-layer sentence has one main split and a second relation inside one or both halves. Name the sentence by its outer relation: parallel, contrast, condition (if), cause or progression.

因为这本书不但内容有趣，而且语言简单，所以很受学生欢迎。

When to use 多重复句 for Sentences with Two Layers of Logic

An ordinary complex sentence (复句) has two clauses and one relation, such as 虽然A，但是B. A multi-layer complex sentence (多重复句) has three or more clauses and at least two levels of relation. To read it, first find the outer layer: the pair of connectors that covers the whole sentence, often one at the very start (因为, 虽然, 如果) and one at the start of the last part (所以, 但是, 就). A semicolon（；）also often marks the main split.

虽然这次比赛我们输了，但是因为大家都尽了力，所以没有人觉得难过。

Although we lost the match this time, nobody felt sad, because everyone had done their best. (Outer layer: contrast. Inside the second half: cause.)

他虽然很忙，但是每天都运动；他妹妹虽然很有空，却很少运动。

He is busy but exercises every day, while his younger sister has lots of free time but rarely exercises. (多重并列: two parallel halves split by the semicolon; contrast inside each half.)

我们班的同学，有的因为家远，所以坐校车；有的因为家近，所以走路来学校。

In our class, some students take the school bus because they live far away, and some walk to school because they live nearby. (多重并列: 有的……；有的……; cause inside each half.)

这道题看起来很难，但是只要找到方法，就能很快做出来。

This question looks hard, but as long as you find the method, you can solve it quickly. (多重转折: contrast first; a condition inside the second half.)

ข้อผิดพลาดที่พบบ่อย

  • Don’t read a long sentence clause by clause from left to right only: find the main split first.
  • Each connector pair stays inside its own layer: an inner 不但 needs its 而且 in the same half.
  • Name the sentence by its outer relation, not by the first connector you happen to see.

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他虽然很忙，但是每天都运动；他妹妹虽然很有空， 很少运动

He is busy but exercises every day, while his younger sister has lots of free time but rarely exercises
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