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HSK 2.0 Nivel 6+ HSK 3.0 Nivel 7–9+ 6 min de lectura

总的来说, 概括来说, 简而言之 and 综上所述 for Summing Up

Learn four summary markers and when to use each: 总的来说 for an overall judgement, 概括来说 for the main points, 简而言之 for “in short”, and 综上所述 for the conclusion of an essay.

Patrón

总的来说 / 概括来说 / 简(而)言之 / 综上所述，+ summary or conclusion

总的来说 = overall; 概括来说 = to sum up the main points; 简而言之 = in short, put simply; 综上所述 = from all of the above (formal conclusion).

总的来说，这次春游大家都玩得很开心，只是时间有点儿短。

When to use 总的来说, 概括来说, 简而言之 and 综上所述 for Summing Up

All four markers open a sentence, followed by a comma, and wrap up what came before, but each does a different job. 总的来说 “overall, generally speaking” gives an overall judgement, and a small exception can follow (只是…); it is common in both speech and writing. 概括来说 “to sum up the main points” reduces content to its key points, often before a list or 主要…. 简而言之, also shortened to 简言之, means “in short, to put it simply”: it restates an idea just explained in fewer, plainer words, often with 就是. 综上所述 “from all of the above” is formal and comes at the end of an essay, report or speech, after several points, to lead to the conclusion or recommendation.

这个道理说起来复杂，简而言之，就是要多听多说。

This sounds complicated, but put simply, it means you need to listen and speak a lot.

第一，阅读能增长知识；第二，阅读能提高写作水平。综上所述，我认为每个学生都应该养成阅读的习惯。

First, reading increases knowledge; second, it improves writing. From all of the above, I believe every student should get into the habit of reading.

概括来说，这篇文章主要讲了三个问题。

To sum up, this article mainly discusses three questions.

这家饭馆的菜有的好吃，有的一般，总的来说还不错。

Some dishes at this restaurant are good and some are ordinary; overall it’s not bad.

Errores frecuentes

  • 综上所述 needs several points before it; don’t start a conversation or a short reply with it.
  • 简而言之 restates an idea in a simpler way; it doesn’t add new information.
  • 总的来说 gives an overall judgement and allows a small exception; 综上所述 leads to a formal conclusion.

Ejercicio dirigido

Practica exactamente este patrón antes de seguir.

这篇文章内容很多， ，主要讲了三点

This article has a lot of content; to sum up, it mainly makes three points
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