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Written-Style Connectors

Make essays, summaries, and formal notes flow more clearly.

Pattern

然而 / 此外 / 因此 + clause

Use written connectors to mark contrast, addition, and result.

这个办法很方便，然而价格较高。

When to use Written-Style Connectors

然而 introduces contrast, 此外 adds another point, and 因此 gives a result. These are more written than 但是, 另外, and 所以.

此外，我们还需要更多材料。

In addition, we need more materials.

总之，提前准备很重要。

In short, preparing in advance is important.

因此，报名时间需要延长。

Therefore, the registration period needs to be extended.

这个城市很大，然而交通很方便。

This city is large; however, transportation is convenient.

Common traps

  • Written connectors can sound stiff in casual conversation.
  • Do not use 然而 when there is no real contrast.
  • 此外 adds, 因此 concludes, 总之 summarizes.

Latihan terarah

Latih pola yang sama ini sebelum lanjut.

这个办法很方便， 价格较高。

Missing grammar piece
Arti
however; yet