乃至

nǎi zhì

HSK 3.0 Level 7 Conjunction Rare

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Definitions

1. and even
2. to go so far as to

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Word relationships

Related words

1 item

• 以及 yǐ jí 以及 yǐ jí as well as 表示并列关系，但无递进意: as well as

Synonyms

1 item

• 甚至 shèn zhì 甚至 shèn zhì even; so much so that 用于递进关系，表示更进一层: even; so much so that

Usage notes

Common mistakes

易误用作普通并列连词，但它强调递进，如‘影响到个人，乃至整个社会’。

Formality

乃至主要用于书面语或正式场合，口语中常用‘甚至’代替。

Grammar

Guides that feature 乃至

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2 guides

HSK 2.0 Level 6+ HSK 3.0 Level 7–9+ 6 min

乃 for a Formal “Is”

Use 乃 as a formal, written “is” in sayings, speeches and official statements, as in 失败乃成功之母.

Reading: nǎi zhì Open guide

HSK 2.0 Level 6+ HSK 3.0 Level 7–9+ 6 min

况且, 加之, 乃至 and 且 for Adding More

Use 况且 to add one more reason for a decision, 加之 to add one more cause of a result, 乃至 for “and even (a bigger one)”, and written 且 for “and also”.

Reading: nǎi zhì Open guide

Example Sentences

1 shown

这个政策会影响全国， 乃至 全世界。

This policy will affect the whole country, and even the entire world.

AI-generated examples are marked with this icon.

Child Words of 乃至

• 乃 乃 nǎi: to be
• 至 至 zhì: to arrive