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因而

yīn ér
HSK 2.0 Level 5 HSK 3.0 Level 5 Conjunction Uncommon

Definitions

  1. 1. therefore
  2. 2. as a result
  3. 3. thus
  4. 4. and as a result, ...

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Word relationships

Register variants

1 item
所以
suǒ yǐ

therefore

Common in spoken Chinese; informal.

Related words

1 item
由于
yóu yú

due to

Introduces a reason, often paired with 因而.

Synonyms

1 item
因此
yīn cǐ

thus; consequently; as a result

Connecting cause and effect; more common in formal writing.

Usage notes

Collocations

Often paired with 由于: 由于...因而... to express 'because... therefore...'.

Formality

因而 is formal, mainly used in written Chinese or formal speeches. For casual conversation, use 所以.

Grammar

Guides that feature 因而

Jump into a full guide with fill-in-the-blank drills. Clicking will load the page and move you to the top.

2 guides
HSK 2.0 Level 6+ HSK 3.0 Level 7–9+ 6 min
（因）……，故…… for “Since …, Therefore …”

Read and write formal notices with （因）……，故……, where 故 means “therefore” and 因 means “because of”.

Reading: yīn ér Open guide
HSK 2.0 Level 5+ HSK 3.0 Level 5+ 6 min
……，因而... for “And So” in Written Chinese

因而 introduces a result in written Chinese, like 所以 but more formal, and it can come after the subject of the result clause.

Reading: yīn ér Open guide

Example Sentences

1 shown
他生病了， 因而 没有来上班。
He got sick, and as a result didn't come to work.

AI-generated examples are marked with this icon.

Child Words of 因而

因
yīn

cause

而
ér

and