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xiān
HSK 2.0 Level 3 HSK 3.0 Level 1

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Definitions

  1. 1. early
  2. 2. prior
  3. 3. former
  4. 4. in advance
  5. 5. first

Example Sentences

1 shown
來?
Source: Tatoeba.org (ID 12336125)

Sentence data courtesy of Tatoeba.org.

Words Containing 先

兵马未动,粮草先行
bīng mǎ wèi dòng , liáng cǎo xiān xíng

before the troops move, fodder and provisions go first (idiom); logistics comes before military maneuvers

先例
xiān lì

antecedent

先鞭
xiān biān

to take precedence

有约在先
yǒu yuē zài xiān

to have a prior engagement

先机
xiān jī

key moment

先声
xiān shēng

herald

起先
qǐ xiān

at first; in the beginning

先父
xiān fù

deceased father

先天不足,后天失调
xiān tiān bù zú , hòu tiān shī tiáo

to be born with a weak constitution and suffer from ill health during one's life

捷足先登
jié zú xiān dēng

the quick-footed climb up first (idiom)

先发制人
xiān fā zhì rén

to gain the initiative by striking first (idiom); to preempt

率先
shuài xiān

to take the lead

工欲善其事,必先利其器
gōng yù shàn qí shì , bì xiān lì qí qì

To do a good job, an artisan needs the best tools (idiom). Good tools are prerequisite to the successful execution of a job

先民
xiān mín

forebears

溘先朝露
kè xiān zhāo lù

the morning dew will swiftly dissipate (idiom); fig. ephemeral and precarious nature of human existence

先后
xiān hòu

early or late

抢先
qiǎng xiān

to rush (to do sth urgent)

先天下之忧而忧,后天下之乐而乐
xiān tiān xià zhī yōu ér yōu , hòu tiān xià zhī lè ér lè

The first concern is affairs of state, enjoying the pleasure comes later. Quotation from essay On Yueyang Tower 岳陽樓記|岳阳楼记 by Song writer Fan Zhongyan 范仲淹[fàn zhòng yān]

领先地位
lǐng xiān dì wèi

lead(ing) position

先下手为强
xiān xià shǒu wéi qiáng

strike first and gain the upper hand (idiom, martial arts term); Making the first move is an advantage.

先驱
xiān qū

pioneer

先河
xiān hé

priority

闻风先遁
wén fēng xiān dùn

to flee at hearing the news (idiom)

少年先锋队
shào nián xiān fēng duì

Young Pioneers of China (primary school league, a preparation for Communist Youth League)

先皇
xiān huáng

the late Emperor

先王之道
xiān wáng zhī dào

the way of former kings

先帝遗诏
xiān dì yí zhào

posthumous edict of former emperor

先前
xiān qián

before; previously

笨鸟先飞
bèn niǎo xiān fēi

lit. the clumsy bird flies early (idiom); fig. to work hard to compensate for one's limited abilities

先祖
xiān zǔ

deceased grandfather

先不先
xiān bù xiān

(dialect) first of all

女士优先
nǚ shì yōu xiān

Ladies first!

百善孝为先
bǎi shàn xiào wéi xiān

of all virtues filial piety is most important (idiom)

先睹为快
xiān dǔ wéi kuài

joy of first experience (idiom)

未卜先知
wèi bǔ xiān zhī

predictable

占先
zhàn xiān

to take precedence

先锋队
xiān fēng duì

vanguard

先头
xiān tóu

previously

先生
xiān sheng

teacher

先锋派
xiān fēng pài

avant-garde

先汉
xiān hàn

pre-Han

按时间先后
àn shí jiān xiān hòu

chronological

大先知书
dà xiān zhī shū

the biblical books of the prophets

先后顺序
xiān hòu shùn xù

order of priority

风水先生
fēng shuǐ xiān sheng

feng shui master

先进
xiān jìn

advanced (technology)

意存笔先,画尽意在
yì cún bǐ xiān , huà jìn yì zài

the idea is present before the first stroke of the brush, when the last stroke is placed the idea shines through

承先启后
chéng xiān qǐ hòu

see 承前啟後|承前启后[chéng qián qǐ hòu]

先见者
xiān jiàn zhě

seer

先秦
xiān qín

pre-Qin, Chinese history up to the foundation of the Qin imperial dynasty in 221 BC

近水楼台先得月
jìn shuǐ lóu tái xiān dé yuè

the pavilion closest to the water enjoys moonlight first (idiom)

先兆
xiān zhào

omen

李先念
lǐ xiān niàn

Li Xiannian (1909-1992), PRC general and politician

赛先生
sài xiān sheng

\Mr Science\, phrase used during the May 4th Movement 五四運動|五四运动[wǔ sì yùn dòng]

先哲
xiān zhé

distinguished precursor

优先
yōu xiān

to have priority

先慈
xiān cí

deceased mother

开先
kāi xiān

at first

先知
xiān zhī

prophet

先声夺人
xiān shēng duó rén

to gain the upper hand by a show of strength

先公
xiān gōng

deceased father

先斩后奏
xiān zhǎn hòu zòu

first decapitate then present your trophy (idiom); act first, report later

优先股
yōu xiān gǔ

preferred stock

国际先驱论坛报
guó jì xiān qū lùn tán bào

International Herald Tribune

先王之政
xiān wáng zhī zhèng

the rule of former kings

先有
xiān yǒu

prior

先到先得
xiān dào xiān dé

first come first served

急先锋
jí xiān fēng

daring vanguard

先天不足
xiān tiān bù zú

congenital deficiency

先决
xiān jué

prerequisite; necessary

先期录音
xiān qī lù yīn

prerecording

出师未捷身先死
chū shī wèi jié shēn xiān sǐ

\he failed to complete his quest before death\ (line from the poem \The Premier of Shu\ 蜀相[shǔ xiàng] by Du Fu 杜甫[dù fǔ])

先天与后天
xiān tiān yǔ hòu tiān

nature versus nurture

憨豆先生
hān dòu xiān sheng

Mr. Bean (TV)

事先
shì xiān

in advance

德先生
dé xiān sheng

\Mr Democracy\, phrase used during the May 4th Movement 五四運動|五四运动[wǔ sì yùn dòng]

好好先生
hǎo hǎo xiān sheng

Mr Goody-goody

直系祖先
zhí xì zǔ xiān

direct ancestor

先期
xiān qī

in advance

先贤
xiān xián

worthy predecessor

先见
xiān jiàn

foresight

尽先
jǐn xiān

in the first instance

出头的椽子先烂
chū tóu de chuán zi xiān làn

lit. rafters that jut out rot first (idiom)

先行者
xiān xíng zhě

forerunner

先天愚型
xiān tiān yú xíng

Down syndrome; trisomy 21

先大母
xiān dà mǔ

deceased paternal grandmother

先令
xiān lìng

shilling (loanword)

先进武器
xiān jìn wǔ qì

advanced weapon

优先承购权
yōu xiān chéng gòu quán

prior purchase right

原先
yuán xiān

originally

先遣队
xiān qiǎn duì

advance party

先入为主
xiān rù wéi zhǔ

the first impression is the strongest

开路先锋
kāi lù xiān fēng

pioneer; trailblazer

先发
xiān fā

to take preemptive action

先烈
xiān liè

martyr

领先
lǐng xiān

to lead

春江水暖鸭先知
chūn jiāng shuǐ nuǎn yā xiān zhī

lit. the duck is the first to know if the spring water is warm (idiom)

祖先
zǔ xiān

ancestor

先决问题
xiān jué wèn tí

issue that needs to be addressed first (before another issue can be resolved)

先驱者
xiān qū zhě

pioneer

先走一步
xiān zǒu yī bù

to leave first (courteous expression used to excuse oneself)

先容
xiān róng

to introduce sb

争先
zhēng xiān

to compete to be first

预先
yù xiān

beforehand

先锋
xiān fēng

vanguard

白先勇
bái xiān yǒng

Bai Xianyong (1937-), Chinese-Taiwanese-US novelist of Hui descent

从先
cóng xiān

(dialect) before

敢为人先
gǎn wéi rén xiān

to dare to be first

恶人先告状
è rén xiān gào zhuàng

the guilty party files the suit

不首先使用
bù shǒu xiān shǐ yòng

no first use (policy for nuclear weapons)

先天
xiān tiān

embryonic period (contrasted with 後天|后天 [hòu tiān])

先验概率
xiān yàn gài lǜ

prior probability (statistics)

先天性
xiān tiān xìng

congenital; intrinsic; innate

首先
shǒu xiān

first (of all)

优先认股权
yōu xiān rèn gǔ quán

preemptive right (in share issue)

缠夹二先生
chán jiā èr xiān sheng

annoying muddle-headed person who gabbles unintelligibly

争先恐后
zhēng xiān kǒng hòu

striving to be first and fearing to be last (idiom); outdoing one another

革命先烈
gé mìng xiān liè

martyr to the revolution

早先
zǎo xiān

previously

其先
qí xiān

previously

先进集体
xiān jìn jí tǐ

(official accolade) advanced team

先礼后兵
xiān lǐ hòu bīng

lit. peaceful measures before using force (idiom)

先妣
xiān bǐ

deceased mother

先达
xiān dá

famous and virtuous ancestors

戴克里先
dài kè lǐ xiān

Diocletian (c. 245-311), Roman emperor

先王之乐
xiān wáng zhī yuè

the music of former kings

未老先衰
wèi lǎo xiān shuāi

to age prematurely

先见之明
xiān jiàn zhī míng

foresight

先辈
xiān bèi

elders

身先朝露
shēn xiān zhāo lù

body will go with the morning dew (idiom); fig. ephemeral and precarious nature of human existence

先觉
xiān jué

person with foresight

先来后到
xiān lái hòu dào

in order of arrival

欲善其事,必先利其器
yù shàn qí shì , bì xiān lì qí qì

To do a good job, an artisan needs the best tools (idiom). Good tools are prerequisite to the successful execution of a job

先导
xiān dǎo

guide

巴先
bā xiān

percent (loanword)

先人
xiān rén

ancestors

先兵后礼
xiān bīng hòu lǐ

opposite of 先禮後兵|先礼后兵[xiān lǐ hòu bīng]

身先士卒
shēn xiān shì zú

to fight at the head of one's troops

先发投手
xiān fā tóu shǒu

(baseball) starting pitcher

先王
xiān wáng

former kings

最先
zuì xiān

(the) very first

先验
xiān yàn

a priori (philosophy)

在先
zài xiān

to come first

事先通知
shì xiān tōng zhī

preliminary notification

算命先生
suàn mìng xiān sheng

fortune-teller

先进个人
xiān jìn gè rén

(official accolade) advanced individual; exemplary individual

先行
xiān xíng

to precede others

先有后婚
xiān yǒu hòu hūn

to marry after getting pregnant

先知先觉
xiān zhī xiān jué

foresight

先决条件
xiān jué tiáo jiàn

a precondition; a prerequisite

先天性缺陷
xiān tiān xìng quē xiàn

birth defect

一马当先
yī mǎ dāng xiān

to take the lead

爱罗先珂
ài luó xiān kē

Vasili Eroshenko (1890-1952), Russian writer and poet who wrote in Esperanto and Japanese

遥遥领先
yáo yáo lǐng xiān

a long way in front

先进先出
xiān jìn xiān chū

(computing, inventory management etc) first in, first out

先君
xiān jūn

my late father

先进水平
xiān jìn shuǐ píng

advanced level

后进先出
hòu jìn xiān chū

to come late and leave first